Jun 16

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Posted by christopher kelty on June 16, 2008. Filed under introductions, modulation.

Order ativan without prescription, I've had lots of positive response, and a couple of really perceptive responses to the idea of "modulations," both of which confirm my own understandings. At the heart of my question "What does it mean to remix scholarship?" is an implicit critique of the "textualist" answer, perhaps, Alabama AL Ala. , that is, Discount ativan, the idea that remixing a text is about cutting and pasting it into a new context. But when scholars write an article it has, or is supposed to have, West Virginia WV W.Va. , a coherence that is not at the level of the text itself--but at the level of concepts and arguments. Köpa ativan, Simply plucking paragraphs out and re-arranging them might work when you are doing Kathy Acker-style plagiarism (where the effect depends in part on the recognizability of those passages) or Burroghs-Gysin style cut-ups (where it is actually a compositional technique, not a remix), or writing a group report or a grant proposal with a team of 5 or more people (where it is actually a form of collaborative re-writing), Rabatt kaufen ativan. However, Kopen goedkope ativan, when someone writes and publishes a scholarly article, simply cutting and pasting text rarely amounts to anything more than what we already do: citation. Academics cite other academics, order ativan without prescription. There is, αγοράζουν φτηνά ativan, however, Ativan online cheap, a considerable subtlety to that process, and a very big difference between citing a passage of something that is particularly evocative, and citing--or using--a concept developed in an article or book, cheapest ativan prices.

One distinction that might be important here is the difference between building on an argument or concept (whatever that might mean) and a more prosaic form of consuming an argument, Köpa billiga ativan, which can benefit in other ways from being made freely available. So James Boyle implied this in a response he offered to my initial post:

My own experience with remix leads me to guess that you won't get it here in any large way but that you shouldn't be disappointed by that -- people remix for a reason... F/OSS teaches us that, New Hampshire NH N.H. , so does ccMixter. Order ativan without prescription, (So does your book) Recursivity is means not end and we can't reify it as end.... Cheap ativan no rx, So the moment you get remix is when people say -- I want to use Kelty in my class, but his examples suck, or this argument is too long, För ativan online. That'll take a while. Buy ativan online, The recursive process only comes after a.) buy in b.) use c.) appearance of some new task for which remix is necessary/helpful (including showing off).

Such uses a probably a necessary first step towards the kind of conceptual, or practical, For ativan online, remix I'm calling modulation. Customization, re-use, the ability to translate, localize, to customize, to iterate, to debug or extend or clarify for specific contexts--these are the sine qua non of progress in terms of inquiry, but not necessarily a sufficient step towards it, order ativan without prescription. Generic ativan, A related reaction came from Joe Karaganis of the Social Sciences Research Council, who has repeatedly and boldly experimented with problems of this sort. He reminded me of the project on The Politics of Open Source Adoption that he organized, order ativan online without prescription, and which was set up in such a way as to encourage contribution, Cheap ativan online, modulation, re-use and so forth. Of that project, φτηνές φαρμακείο ativan, Karaganis said:

My bet was that a wiki would be a good tool for capturing the large body of anecdote about (and personal experience with) adoption efforts in the F/OSS community -- but which had remained informal. Delaware DE Del. , Bet #2 was that the geographical and sectoral approach would provide the kind of modularity that such a project needed. Order ativan without prescription, Bet #3 was that the F/OSS community would have the right mix of passion/instructive failures/technical competence to make this effectively viral. None of these bets really panned out. We had a couple significant contributions (including from Eric Raymond) but nothing like my initial hopes for it, purchase ativan. The report is solid, Oklahoma OK Okla. , imho, but remained a pretty conventional collaboration--and my conclusion was that the conventionality of the report/essay structure was a disincentive for outside contributors. Adding a bit to an 8000 wd 'authored' essay is not the same adding a paragraph to a wikipedia page, North Carolina NC N.C. . Both the length, structure, and authoredness probably played a role here.

This experience actually fits well with my own understanding of modulation of the practices of free software, order ativan without prescription. In the terms I set out in the book, Illinois IL Ill. , this project tried to modulate the practices of free software by substituting a kind of report (something like a post-mortem combined with a research question ("Why does or doesn't open source take hold in some places and not others?"). I think Karaganis is right on that the incentive to contribute is high here--because it entails substantial work, and it is perhaps less "instrumental" than it could be (e.g, Jotta ativan verkossa. would a wiki consisting entirely of "strategies to use with management to get OS adopted" have been more narrowly useful?). On the other hand, the report is there, it is freely available and can be re-used-- and I don't think we have honestly started to ask what kind of re-use that might be. Order ativan without prescription, Issues of originality, credit, ownership (in a non-legal sense) are pretty tightly mixed up. Related to this are the kinds of questions that some legal and business scholars (like Christopher Sprigman, Kathryn Strandburg and Fiona Murray) are asking about the nature of re-use and ownership in domains like fashion, stand-up comedy or science. (a brief bibliography is here. Joe also points to the freely available collection "Structures of Participation in Digital Culture," which I think I will have to feature some selections from here...).

To cut this short: one of the things I hope to think about in this project is the think-like character of what we produce as scholars, beyond the text as it exists in digital form. Concepts, conceived of as tools, what we work with everyday in investigating problems in the world, but we don't have a very good understanding of how these tools circulate, what they are made of, how we come to feel attachment to them (or ownership over them), and how they might be combined in surprising ways.

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Jun 06

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Posted by christopher kelty on June 6, 2008. Filed under introductions.

Buy ativan cod, As part of the publication process of my book, Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software, I have discussed with Duke University Press ideas of "modulating" the book. "Modulations" are a key part of the book, in which I explore how the practices of Free Software have been used as templates and taken up in areas close to and far from Free Software. Such practices are "good to think with" in classic anthropological terms, Mississippi MS Miss. , meaning that they allow people to rethink their practices and habits using an exemplary and easily available set of ideas and tools. As such Free Software practices have spread to science (open access) to education (open educational resources), Billig ativan apotek, to music, film and culture (Creative Commons) and so on.

Because I've thought a lot about Free Software and its relation to science, I've naturally wondered: What does "scholarly" remix look like, Nevada NV Nev. . And especially in those domains of the human and natural sciences where what might be shared or re-used is not immediately obvious, buy ativan cod. Thinking through free software might change how we think about research, and it might provide us with ways to change how our own scholarship is written, Cheap ativan no prescription, read, published, circulated and built upon. The idea is related to those "remixing" experiments like Larry Lessig's Code V2 wiki (http://codev2.cc/) and Yochai Benkler's wiki version of his book (http://www.benkler.org), cheap ativan without prescription, The Wealth of Networks, but I want to push it a step further. Acquistare a buon mercato ativan, I don't want to remix my book, I want us to re-mix the network of ideas and scholars who led to the book.

Hence, "modulations." What are modulations, order ativan pills. Buy ativan cod, To begin with, it might mean articles, essays, or student papers and projects that make use of, take issue with, or expand on Two Bits itself--any work on free software, public spheres and recursive publics, history of software, software studies, geeks and hackers, intellectual property, liberalism and technology, free culture and so on-- especially those works that track the spread and movement of these issues beyond the domain of free software.

But it isn't all about me: I'm looking for stuff in our collective conceptual space. Articles, Bestill ativan online, published or not, and ideas for projects that come from any of the fields we play in: science studies, anthropology, media studies, ativan online stores, history, sociology, Kjøpe ativan, legal studies, information studies, philosophy etc. I have a few works lined up that I will try to highlight over the next few months, Oregon OR Ore. , and hopefully that will give people some ideas about where to take it.

I think of this project as blurring the lines between an online repository, Ohio OH , a scholarly journal and edited volume. More than a blog, less than a large-scale publishing project, and with the blessing of Duke University press and HASTAC, slightly more official and legitimate than a list of links, buy ativan cod. An on-line volume of work, edited by me, with uneven periodicity and hopefully some occasional vibrant discussion, where to buy ativan.

Why. In short because I think we need to start experimenting with the limits of scholarly collaboration--beyond the journal and the edited volume, Buy cheap ativan, but also beyond the blog and the wiki. There is nothing technically new about what I'm proposing here (yet); what's new is that I want scholars and scholarly presses to re-think publication and circulation, and to use the example of Free Software to do so: free, permanent, Alaska AK , legitimate, alive. Buy ativan cod, I worry, perhaps too much, that our scholarship is increasingly unfree, unstable, unauthorized and unread, and I certainly don't think it's because our work is boring or bad. Ativan online, We suffer from too much focus on getting published, and not enough
focus on getting circulated. I think we need to change that.

I think our works (much like our selves in consumer society) are increasingly isolated and individualized by the current journal and university press system, halvalla ativan apteekki. Rather than works in conversation, threaded together by commentary and response, Louisiana LA , they are increasingly singled out, marketed alone, unconnected to other works, often in places far from the communities of scholarship that produced them, Montana MT Mont. . Edited volumes seem like a good solution--but in fact they are usually a disaster.., buy ativan cod. hard to produce, even harder to obtain, North Dakota ND , and appearing well after the energy that ignited them is dissipated. They look more like failed communes than lively research programmes.

By contrast, the vivid discussions that we all know from our blogs, ativan without prescription, our friend's blogs and our blogs' blogs have not yet become something that might supplement or replace the scholarly communication we used to expect from journals and books. This is the kind of empty space I want "modulations" to try to fill. Buy ativan cod, A key aspect of this, therefore, is support from authorizing institutions, like Duke University Press and HASTAC, both of who are very keen to support such an idea, because they expect it to come from scholars, not from themselves. Buy ativan no prescription, We need this legitimation, even if we like to think that it's all about the work. We need it both to project our works' legitimacy to our colleagues and beyond, but also for ourselves, order ativan c.o.d., to know that some of our work is validated, circulated, Ordering ativan no rx, contributing to a commons that we can all take responsibility for.

I will edit (curate is probably a better word here, I don't intend to do any copyediting, or necessarily ), online ativan, but I dream of expanding this role to others. I will maintain it, but I dream of making it into an "official" publication somehow--perhaps just something in a catalog, perhaps an experiment in print-on-demand. It will be technically simple (a table of contents and a blog with disussion and an RSS feed) but I dream of exploring new tools and new platforms...

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